葉錦鴻

Chin-hung Yeh

訴前異議、WTO「爭端解決規則及程序瞭解書」第6.2條規定、標明系爭之特定措施、提供控訴之法律摘要，以使問題得以明確呈現、1994年關稅暨貿易總協定第六條執行協定第17.3條 , 第17.4條

Preliminary Objection、Understanding on the Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Dispute、identify the specific measure at issue、provide a brief summary of the legal basis of the complaint sufficient to present the problem clearly、Agreement on I

　　所謂「先決異議」（Preliminary Objection）是指當事國就國際裁判或仲裁提起對本案無管轄權的主張。WTO「爭端解決規則及程序瞭解書」（Understanding on the Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Dispute，以下簡稱「DSU」）第六‧二條規定，WTO成員國提起成立爭端解決小組之請求，必須符合「書面提出」、「必須指出是否已進行諮商」、「標明系爭之特定措施」（identify the specific measure at issue）、「提供控訴之法律摘要，以使問題得以明確呈現」（provide a brief summary of the legal basis of the complaint sufficient to present the problem clearly）四項要件。倘若控訴國之請求缺少四項要件之任一要件或對要件之陳述不夠明確，被控訴國即得提出「先決異議」。
　　囿於過去被控訴國在WTO爭端解決小組及上訴機構程序進行中，所提出的「先決異議」，幾乎環繞於小組之請求有無符合「標明系爭之特定措施」及「提供其提起控訴之法律摘要，以使問題得以明確呈現」，因此，本文只就此兩個要件加以討論，希冀透過對WTO爭端解決報告的歸納及分析，以瞭解實務如何發展、適用、解釋這個概念。

　　The concept of preliminary objection means that the disputing parties claim in a case that international court or arbitral tribunal does not
have jurisdiction to the dispute.
　　Article 6.2 of the DSU( Understanding on the Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Dispute) sets out the formal requirements of a request for the establishment of a panel. First, the request shall be in writing. Second, it shall indicate whether consultations were held. Third, it shall identify the specific measures at issue. Fourth, it shall provide a brief summary of the legal basis of the complaint sufficient
to present the problem clearly.
　　If one of the requirements is not stated in the panel request or the requirement s are not stated precisely, respondents can challenge them by way of preliminary objection in order to have all or part of a case dismissed. Since the issues raised in the preliminary objection mainly involve the third and the fourth requirement, this article intends to
examine these two requirements.
　　It proceeds to categorize the various subject-matter of preliminary objection to the panel request. By analyzing the categorization, the approaches which have been applied and evolved by the WTO panels and the Appellate Body in dealing with such objections can be clearly understood.